What it actually means
Vulnerable customers is the term Ofcom uses for any household where the standard way of selling, billing, and supporting a phone or broadband service might cause harm if applied without thought. The category is broad on purpose. It includes people living with serious mental or physical health conditions, anyone who depends on a care line or alarm pendant or a lift phone to call for help, customers with cognitive impairment or dementia, people in financial hardship, recent bereavement, and those in a domestic abuse situation where account access itself is a safety issue.
Vulnerability isn't a fixed status either. It can be temporary. Someone recovering from surgery, sitting through chemotherapy, going through a divorce, or in the first months after losing a partner can need a different kind of support for a while and then not need it later. Anyone can need extra support at some point, and Ofcom expects providers to be set up for that, not surprised by it.
At home
What this looks like in the house
If you're the adult child looking after a parent who lives alone with a pendant alarm around their neck, the PSTN switch off is the thing keeping you awake. That alarm dials out over the old copper voice line, and when the line is moved to digital voice it stops working in a power cut unless there's a battery backup or a 4G fallback fitted. The risk isn't theoretical, it's your mum on the kitchen floor with a button that won't connect. This is exactly what the vulnerable customer rules are designed for.
In business
What this looks like at work
For a care home manager or a residential park operator, vulnerability sits across multiple lines, not one. Lift alarms, pull cords in bathrooms, pendants worn by residents, the emergency phone on the gate. Every one of those is a regulated safety device that has to keep working through the PSTN switch off, scheduled to complete by January 2027. The provider you choose has to understand which lines need battery backup, which need 4G fallback, and how to log every device against the right resident or unit so nothing slips through the move.
